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MBR(512Bytes) = 
partition entry
 0     1byte   partition flag 1~3   3bytes  CHS address 4     1bytes  File system flag 5~7   3bytes  CHS address 8">
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MBR(512Bytes) = 
partition entry
 0     1byte   partition flag 1~3   3bytes  CHS address 4     1bytes  File system flag 5~7   3bytes  CHS address 8">
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MBR(512Bytes) = 
partition entry
 0     1byte   partition flag 1~3   3bytes  CHS address 4     1bytes  File system flag 5~7   3bytes  CHS address 8">
  
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      mbr
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        <h3 id="Introduce"><a href="#Introduce" class="headerlink" title="Introduce"></a>Introduce</h3><p><strong>MBR</strong>, is abbreviate from <strong>M</strong>aster <strong>B</strong>oot <strong>R</strong>ecord.</p>
<p>MBR(512Bytes) = </p>
<p>partition entry</p>
<p> 0     1byte   partition flag<br> 1~3   3bytes  CHS address<br> 4     1bytes  File system flag<br> 5~7   3bytes  CHS address<br> 8~11  4bytes  start of sector<br>12~15  4bytes  count of sector </p>
<p>File system flag:<br>00H<br>01H  FAT12<br>04H  FAT16 small than 32MB<br>05H  Extended<br>06H  FAT16 large than 32MB<br>07H  HPES or NTFS<br>0BH  Windows95 FAT32<br>0CH  Windows95 FAT32<br>0EH  Windows95 FAT16<br>0FH  Windows95 Extended(large than 8G)<br>82H  Linux swap<br>83H  Linux<br>85H  Linux extended<br>86H  NTFS volume set<br>87H  NTFS volume set  </p>
<h3 id="A-case"><a href="#A-case" class="headerlink" title="A case"></a>A case</h3><p>The current os is CentOS 6.4 X86_64, running on /dev/sdb, which is a SSD disk.</p>
<pre><code>[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/sdb of=/root/ssd.dat bs=1 count=512
512+0 records in
512+0 records out
512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.00146756 s, 349 kB/s
[root@localhost ~]# hexdump -C ssd.dat 
00000000  eb 48 90 d0 bc 00 7c fb  50 07 50 1f fc be 1b 7c  |.H....|.P.P....||
00000010  bf 1b 06 50 57 b9 e5 01  f3 a4 cb bd be 07 b1 04  |...PW...........|
00000020  38 6e 00 7c 09 75 13 83  c5 10 e2 f4 cd 18 8b f5  |8n.|.u..........|
00000030  83 c6 10 49 74 19 38 2c  74 f6 a0 b5 07 b4 03 02  |...It.8,t.......|
00000040  80 00 00 80 98 3e 04 00  00 08 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80  |.....&gt;..........|
00000050  75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00  00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc  |u....Y|..1......|
00000060  00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff  74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80  |. ..@|&lt;.t...R...|
00000070  74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd  13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55  |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U|
00000080  aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0  75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66  |.uC.A|..u....t7f|
00000090  8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44  ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7  |.L...|.D..f..D|.|
000000a0  04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00  66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00  |....D...f.\..D..|
000000b0  70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66  89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72  |pf1..D.f.D..B..r|
000000c0  05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08  cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f  |...p.}....s.....|
000000d0  84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05  7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0  |........|.D..f1.|
000000e0  88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31  d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8  |..@f.D.1........|
000000f0  88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0  88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04  |..@.D.1......f..|
00000100  66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66  f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2  |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.|
00000110  66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89  44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a  |f.t..T..D.;D.}&lt;.|
00000120  54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a  fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a  |T.....L......l.Z|
00000130  8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3  31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72  |.t...p..1......r|
00000140  2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60  1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6  |*....H|`......1.|
00000150  31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff  26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40  |1.....a.&amp;B|..}.@|
00000160  00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38  00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30  |.....}.8.....}.0|
00000170  00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb  fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47  |...}.*...GRUB .G|
00000180  65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64  20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65  |eom.Hard Disk.Re|
00000190  61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f  72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd  |ad. Error.......|
000001a0  10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..&lt;.u...........|
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  a9 51 05 00 00 00 80 20  |.........Q..... |
000001c0  21 00 83 65 24 41 00 08  00 00 00 00 10 00 00 65  |!..e$A.........e|
000001d0  25 41 82 90 85 4b 00 08  10 00 00 00 80 00 00 90  |%A...K..........|
000001e0  86 4b 83 fe ff ff 00 08  90 00 00 20 2a 03 00 00  |.K......... *...|
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|
00000200
</code></pre><p>/dev/sda is a virtual disk of raid1(raid with two disks);<br>boot.disk, which is backup with <code>dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/root/backup/boot.disk</code>,<br>not had mbr info!</p>
<pre><code>[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/root/backup/boot.disk of=/root/b.dat bs=1 count=512
512+0 records in
512+0 records out
512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.0019702 s, 260 kB/s
[root@localhost ~]# hexdump -C b.dat 
00000000  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
00000200
</code></pre><p>The new raid1 logic disk not had any mbr info, what I had done before was:<br><code>dd if=/root/backup/boot.disk of=/dev/sda1</code><br><code>dd if=/root/backup/root.disk of=/dev/sda2</code>  </p>
<pre><code>[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/sda of=/root/raid1.dat bs=1 count=512
512+0 records in
512+0 records out
512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.00175408 s, 292 kB/s
[root@localhost ~]# hexdump -C raid1.dat 
00000000  fa b8 00 10 8e d0 bc 00  b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0  |................|
00000010  fb be 00 7c bf 00 06 b9  00 02 f3 a4 ea 21 06 00  |...|.........!..|
00000020  00 be be 07 38 04 75 0b  83 c6 10 81 fe fe 07 75  |....8.u........u|
00000030  f3 eb 16 b4 02 b0 01 bb  00 7c b2 80 8a 74 01 8b  |.........|...t..|
00000040  4c 02 cd 13 ea 00 7c 00  00 eb fe 00 00 00 00 00  |L.....|.........|
00000050  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
*
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  c2 02 0b 00 00 00 80 20  |............... |
000001c0  21 00 83 9f 06 19 00 08  00 00 00 40 06 00 00 9f  |!..........@....|
000001d0  07 19 83 fe ff ff 00 48  06 00 00 00 00 01 00 fe  |.......H........|
000001e0  ff ff 82 fe ff ff 00 48  06 01 00 20 80 00 00 00  |.......H... ....|
000001f0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa  |..............U.|
00000200
</code></pre><p>With such virtual disk, I can’t boot to run OS normal, it stop with an flashing<br>underline, if normal it should show a grub to boot the os.</p>
<p>So, I think, when I backup the OS, I should backup the MBR also, when restore I<br>should restore it to new disk.</p>
<p>Below, I using DVD to write the MBR to /dev/sda, then it show correct 512B info  </p>
<pre><code>[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/sda of=/root/raid1-ok.dat bs=512 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.000300859 s, 1.7 MB/s
[root@localhost ~]# hexdump -C raid1-ok.dat 
00000000  eb 48 90 10 8e d0 bc 00  b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0  |.H..............|
00000010  fb be 00 7c bf 00 06 b9  00 02 f3 a4 ea 21 06 00  |...|.........!..|
00000020  00 be be 07 38 04 75 0b  83 c6 10 81 fe fe 07 75  |....8.u........u|
00000030  f3 eb 16 b4 02 b0 01 bb  00 7c b2 80 8a 74 03 02  |.........|...t..|
00000040  80 00 00 80 7a 61 00 00  00 08 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80  |....za..........|
00000050  75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00  00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc  |u....Y|..1......|
00000060  00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff  74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80  |. ..@|&lt;.t...R...|
00000070  74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd  13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55  |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U|
00000080  aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0  75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66  |.uC.A|..u....t7f|
00000090  8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44  ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7  |.L...|.D..f..D|.|
000000a0  04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00  66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00  |....D...f.\..D..|
000000b0  70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66  89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72  |pf1..D.f.D..B..r|
000000c0  05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08  cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f  |...p.}....s.....|
000000d0  84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05  7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0  |........|.D..f1.|
000000e0  88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31  d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8  |..@f.D.1........|
000000f0  88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0  88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04  |..@.D.1......f..|
00000100  66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66  f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2  |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.|
00000110  66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89  44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a  |f.t..T..D.;D.}&lt;.|
00000120  54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a  fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a  |T.....L......l.Z|
00000130  8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3  31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72  |.t...p..1......r|
00000140  2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60  1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6  |*....H|`......1.|
00000150  31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff  26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40  |1.....a.&amp;B|..}.@|
00000160  00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38  00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30  |.....}.8.....}.0|
00000170  00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb  fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47  |...}.*...GRUB .G|
00000180  65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64  20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65  |eom.Hard Disk.Re|
00000190  61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f  72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd  |ad. Error.......|
000001a0  10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |..&lt;.u...........|
000001b0  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  c2 02 0b 00 00 00 80 20  |............... |
000001c0  21 00 83 9f 06 19 00 08  00 00 00 40 06 00 00 9f  |!..........@....|
000001d0  07 19 83 fe ff ff 00 48  06 00 00 00 00 01 00 fe  |.......H........|
000001e0  ff ff 82 fe ff ff 00 48  06 01 00 20 80 00 00 fe  |.......H... ....|
000001f0  ff ff 05 fe ff ff 00 68  86 01 00 d0 2d e7 55 aa  |.......h....-.U.|
00000200
</code></pre><h3 id="Questions"><a href="#Questions" class="headerlink" title="Questions"></a>Questions</h3><ol>
<li>Why maximum of partitions is 4 primary or 3 primary with another extended?<br>Because for MBR, there only 64 bytes for partition, and each partition used 16<br>bytes.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="Reference"><a href="#Reference" class="headerlink" title="Reference"></a>Reference</h3><ul>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record" target="_blank" rel="external">Master Boot Record</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.blogfshare.com/mbr-dpt-ebr.html" target="_blank" rel="external">MBR分区结构、DPT分区表、EBR扩展引导</a></li>
<li><a href="http://dengqi.blog.51cto.com/5685776/1348951" target="_blank" rel="external">详解MBR分区结构以及GPT分区结构</a></li>
</ul>

      
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